Wfa water footprint assessment manual document type. Water footprint is one of many ways to quantify environmental impact as is a carbon footprint or a life cycle assessment. Comments off on water footprint assessment manual a shared standard on definitions and calculation methods is crucial given the rapidly growing interest in companies and governments to use water footprint accounts as a basis for formulating sustainable water strategies and policies. Pdf the water, land, and carbon footprints of different. This primer describes the basics of the water footprint concept, how it works, and why it came about. Water footprint assessment wfa under the water footprint network hoekstra et al. The water footprint assessment manual recommends a threetier approach for estimating diffuse pollution loads entering a water body. Drawing from recent studies in the new research field of water footprint assessment, it highlights some intriguing applications and delves into what is next on the exciting interdisciplinary research agenda. It covers a comprehensive set of methods for water footprint accounting. The manual breaks new ground by presenting a scientifically rigorous method for companies to understand their dependency and impact on global water resources. The demand for agricultural production is increasing significantly due to the growth of economic and population worldwide. Results and learning the tata group partnered with ifc and technical partner water footprint network wfn to develop a corporate water strategy for twelve industrial facilities based on water footprint networks globally acknowledged water footprint assessment methodology. The threetier approach was the outcome of the grey water footprint working group of the water footprint network wfn in 2010 and is analogue to the tier approach proposed by the.
Complementarities of waterfocused life cycle assessment. The water footprint assessment manual 11 and globalization of water 12. The water footprint assessment manual setting the global standard. Water security assessment using blue and green water footprint concepts. The water footprint assessment manual is an extremely valuable tool and standard methodology that we hope will be widely adopted by governments, nonprofits, corporations, and watershed managers to ensure the sustainability of producing various goods and services in various locations and to accurately report water use and management information. Green water is the precipitation on land that does not run off or recharge the groundwater as defined by hoekstra, a. Water, energy, and climate environmental metrics page 6 of 10 water footprint the water footprint was determined based on the approach presented in hoekstra et al.
The global blue and green water footprint of road transport in 2030. This is just one of the solutions for you to be successful. It also offers guidance on response strategies that conserve water for industry, communities, and nature. The most elaborate publications on how to estimate water footprints are a 2004 report on the water footprint of nations from unescoihe, the 2008 book globalization of water, and the 2011 manual the water footprint assessment manual.
Water resources conservation corresponding to urban growth is an increasing challenge for european policy makers. The manual breaks new ground by presenting a scientifically rigorous method for companies to understand their dependency and impact. Inventory boundaries of water footprint sustainability assessment. Water footprint assessment manual water footprint network. For example, estimations of water use to produce 1 kg of beef range from 3 to 540 l of h 2 o or h 2 o equivalents for the life cycle assessment approach and from 10,000 to 200,000 l of h 2 o for the water footprint.
From concept to practice water footprint impact assessment reducing water footprints 5. Pdf the water footprint assessment manual researchgate. Pdf the water footprint assessment manual andres baron. Besides, the report includes methods for water footprint sustainability assessment and a library of water footprint response options. The water footprint is an indicator of water use that looks at both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer. Setting the global standard, earthscan, london, uk. Live area 159 x 240mm trim size 156 x 234mm bleed 18mm spine 24. It also includes methods for water footprint sustainability assessment and a library of water footprint response options. Success lake water control manual deviation final environmental assessment corps 2017.
This manual presents a scientifically rigorous method to help companies understand their dependency and impact on global water resources, and offers guidance on response strategies that conserve water for industry, communities, and nature. This book offers a complete and uptodate overview of the global standard on water footprint assessment as. The water footprint assessment manual setting the global standard pdf. Iso 14046 environmental management water footprint a. This study finds that shifting from the current us diet to dietary scenario 1 decreases energy use, blue water footprint, and ghg emissions by around 9 %, while shifting to dietary scenario 2 increases energy use by 43 %, blue water footprint by 16 %, and ghg emissions by 11 %. The water footprint assessment manual water footprint network. Footprint network wfn and our analysis used methods described in their water footprint assessment manual hoekstra et al. Nov 24, 2015 this study finds that shifting from the current us diet to dietary scenario 1 decreases energy use, blue water footprint, and ghg emissions by around 9 %, while shifting to dietary scenario 2 increases energy use by 43 %, blue water footprint by 16 %, and ghg emissions by 11 %. It shows how water footprints can be calculated for individual processes and products, as well as for consumers, nations and. The water footprint concept was introduced in 2002 by arjen y. Many individuals and organisations have asked the water footprint network for a manual that. The current water scarcity situation in south africa is a threat to sustainable development.
This manual presents a scientifically rigorous method to. Arjen hoekstra introduced the water footprint in 2002 1. Methodologies in need of improvement yifan gu, jin xu, hongtao wang,, and fengting li, college of environmental science and engineering, state key laboratory of pollution control and resource reuse, tongji. Evidence from california julian fulton, energy and resources group, university of california, berkeley, california, usa. The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. A complete and uptodate overview of the global standard on water footprint assessment available in four languages. Download full publication pdf return to previous page. Water footprint outcomes and policy relevance change with scale considered. Aldaya is available at in several formats for your ereader. Water footprint manual university of twente research information. Water footprint assessment as water footprint is a relatively recent concept, few studies have been published on the topic. The accounting scheme shows the various balances that hold for the water footprint related to national consumption wf cons,nat, the water footprint within the area of the nation wf area,nat, the total virtualwater export v e. Water footprint wf is one of the methods to address this challenge.
Aug 17, 2012 the water footprint assessment manual 1. The manual contains a complete, consistent and uptodate overview of the method of water footprint assessment. The results show that 52 m3 of water is required to produce one tonne of milk with 4% fat and 3. The present paper has assessed the water footprint of milk produced and processed in south africa using the procedures outlined in the water footprint assessment manual. All actions are consistent and performed under similar hydrological conditions with water storage capacity and snowpack conditions. Aug 14, 2017 iso and itc have jointly published this handbook to help organizations carry out water footprint assessment according to the iso 14046. The accounting scheme shows the various balances that hold for the water footprint related to national consumption wf cons,nat, the water footprint within the area of the nation wf area,nat, the total virtual water export v e. It shows how water footprints are calculated for individual processes and products, as well as for consumers, nations and businesses. Pdf the increase in the consumption of animal products is likely to put further pressure on the worlds freshwater resources. Water security assessment using blue and green water.
Modeling framework for water security assessment using blue and green water footprints. This manual has been prepared by the authors as requested by the water. Water footprint assessment is a fourphase process that quantifies and maps green, blue and grey water footprints, assesses the sustainability, efficiency and equitability of water use and identifies which strategic actions should be prioritised in order to make a footprint sustainable. The average water footprint of a consumer in spain. The water assessment is carried out by means of the water footprint concept, which aims at quantifying the amount of water required for the production of a good, and the virtual water. Ultimately, water scarcity depends on blue water use. The objective of this study was to develop a simplified model to assess the wf of direct domestic and nondomestic water use within an urban area and to demonstrate its effectiveness in supporting new urban water. Iso and itc have jointly published this handbook to help organizations carry out water footprint assessment according to the iso 14046. Only air and soil emissions that impact water quality are included in the assessment, and not all air and soil emissions are included. The water footprint of a product can be measured in one of two ways, namely chain summation or the stepwise accumulation approach. This handbook is a practical guide to develop a sustainable approach to water use that is based on practices of the international standard. The water footprint of a nation the relation between national consumption, trade and water 3. Methodologies in need of improvement yifan gu, jin xu, hongtao wang,, and fengting li, college of environmental science and engineering, state key laboratory of pollution control and resource reuse, tongji university, shanghai 200092, china key laboratory of yangtze river water environment, ministry of education, shanghai 200092. Detailed steps for calculating the water footprint of various entities are discussed fully in the water footprint assessment manual 14 and readers are advised to look at the manual for more detail.
The water footprint assessment manual setting the global. Due to the similarities, the corps is incorporating the 2017 analysis by reference with the sections below addressing any. Energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas. The water footprint assessment manual join for water. The water footprint of modern consumer society, the water footprint assessment manual, globalization of water. As understood, endowment does not recommend that you have extraordinary points.
This manual has been prepared by the authors as requested by the water footprint network and serves as the water footprint guidelines promoted by the wfn. People use lots of water for drinking, cooking and washing, but significantly more for producing things such as food, paper and cotton clothes. Water indexed benefits and impacts of california almonds. Water footprint outcomes and policy relevance change with. Jun 12, 2019 success lake water control manual deviation final environmental assessment corps 2017. Pdf simplified direct water footprint model to support. The agricultural products have huge impact on water use, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions. The water footprint of a business, the corporate water footprint, is defined as the total volume of fresh water that is used directly or indirectly to run and support a business.
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